APA
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Wille, M., Ross, T. A., Atkinson, R., Boyle, D., Christie, M., Dewar, M. L., … Klaassen, M. (2026). Migratory Bird and Marine Mammal Surveillance Fails to Find Evidence for an HPAI H5N1 2.3.4.4b Incursion Into Australia in 2025. BioRxiv.
Chicago/Turabian
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Wille, M., T. A. Ross, R. Atkinson, D. Boyle, M. Christie, M. L. Dewar, T. Douglas, et al. “Migratory Bird and Marine Mammal Surveillance Fails to Find Evidence for an HPAI H5N1 2.3.4.4b Incursion Into Australia in 2025.” bioRxiv (2026).
MLA
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Wille, M., et al. “Migratory Bird and Marine Mammal Surveillance Fails to Find Evidence for an HPAI H5N1 2.3.4.4b Incursion Into Australia in 2025.” BioRxiv, 2026.
BibTeX Click to copy
@article{m2026a,
title = {Migratory Bird and Marine Mammal Surveillance Fails to Find Evidence for an HPAI H5N1 2.3.4.4b Incursion Into Australia in 2025},
year = {2026},
journal = {bioRxiv},
author = {Wille, M. and Ross, T. A. and Atkinson, R. and Boyle, D. and Christie, M. and Dewar, M. L. and Douglas, T. and Gray, R. and Hansen, B. and Jessop, R. and Kidd, L. R. and Marks, I. and Mileto, P. and Miller, E. L. and Neave, M. J. and Ryding, Sara and Sutherland, D. and Yu, H. and Klaassen, M.}
}
The panzootic caused by high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b has been devastating for animals, globally. Despite global spread, the virus remains absent in Oceania. Herein we report the results of our fourth year of enhanced migratory bird surveillance, coinciding with the spring migration of wild birds in 2025; none of the 847 migratory wild birds or 38 marine mammals were positive for HPAI H5N1, although we did detect LPAI. Surveillance remains a critical tool for HPAI H5N1 response, with early detection and rapid response being critical to mitigate the impacts of this virus on animal, environment and human health.